I am going to get brickbats for this one.
Recently, i was at a railway station. India now has brilliant public infrastructure. The railway station was no exception.
We have to climb stairs to reach platforms. At least 5 people walking in front of me spat or littered on their way to the platform. Without a care.
And that anger led to a tsunami of processing data points that have been silently accumulated over decades.
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In 1947, Muslims from India reached Pakistan but instead of being welcomed, they were labelled Muhajirs.
Hindus and Sikhs who managed to reach India alive were rich in their towns and villages (you had to be rich enough to pay for safe passage and reach this side alive, that is why every Punjabi in Delhi had grandparents who spoke about being wealthy. They were), but were put here in refugee camps in squalor, food itself being a luxury doled out at infrequent intervals.
But, in 2004, the president of Pakistan was a Muhajir, and the Prime Minister of India was a refugee.
They were not exceptional - on both sides of the border, the communities of these "refugees" had done well financially.
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In the 1960s -1970s India, lakhs of young men and women left homes for PSU jobs, govt jobs, IIT education, IIM education. They went on to reach "escape velocity" from poverty.
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When we speak about poverty, we address it as a single story - poverty is a result of circumstances out of an individual's control. It is a result of the evil capitalistic/oligarchic/regal system, which rely/ies on suppressing the poor for the benefit of the rich.
Here is what is wrong with that single story:
1. First of all, there ISN'T a single story of poverty. Poverty is a multi-headed hydra. There isn't a single cause of poverty.
2. The narrative of capitalism/oligarchy/monarchy being solely responsible for poverty comes from socio-economic structures that truly did not have space for what is now called the "middle classes" - people who fill the middle role through education or specialised skill. In India, which was a mercantile civilisation from the start, trade was a good way to reach the middle class and this class has been a ubiquitous feature of our civilisation.
3. There are people who exit poverty and take their families along. There are people who exit but do not take the family along. And then there are families that stay in the same loop - generation after generation. And families that enter the loop - from one of the "upper" classes. We know what helps those who reach escape velocity - education, enterprise, opportunity, community, etc. We never ask - what, if anything, is common to families that remain poor? Why is a poor person poor?
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So, let's ask the question - Why is a poor person poor?
And i call this, the Poverty mindset.
More in the next post.